Subfamily HOPLOLAIMINAE

                                 Rev 5/91

Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Hoplolaimidae
          Hoplolaiminae (Filip'ev, 1934)
    Synonyms:
      Rotylenchoidinae (Whitehead, 1958)
      Nemonchinae (Skarbilovich, 1959)
      Aphasmatylenchinae (Sher, 1965)
      Rotylenchinae (Golden, 1971)
      Pararotylenchinae (Baldwin & Bell, 1981)
      Interrotylenchinae (Eroshenko, 1984)
      Scutellonemoidinae (Eroshenko, 1984)

Morphology and Anatomy:

      Adult female remains vermiform.  Lateral field with four lines or less.  
      Phasmids near anus or erratic, anteriorly migrated on body, rarely on
      tail, small or enlarged, rarely absent.  Tail short, more curved dorsally 
      with or without a ventral projection, or regularly rounded, rarely conoid.
      Caudalids and cephalids present, labial framework and stylet strong.  DEGO 
      more or less far fom stylet.  Esophageal glands either of the same length 
      and not overlapping the intestine, or variously enlarged and overlapping
      the intestine.  Genital branches always outstretched, two of equal length 
      or posterior branch smaller or reduced to a post-uterine sac (PUS). 
      Male with anterior end smaller than female, but still functional.  Caudal 
      alae enveloping tail end.  Migratory ecto or semi-endoparasites of higher 
      plants.  Eggs not deposited in a gelatinous matrix.
      [Ref: Fortuner, Rev. Nematol. 10(2):219-232 (1987).]

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