Subfamily Hemicycliophorinae

Rev:  06/02/06

Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Criconematoidea
         Criconematidae
          Hemicycliophorinae (Skarbilovich, 1959)
    Synonyms:
      Hemicycliophoroidea (Skarbilovich, 1959)
      Hemicycliophoridae (Skarbilovich, 1959)
      Caloosiidae (Siddiqi, 1980)

Morphology and Anatomy:

      All stages:

• Moderate to large animals (female: 0.60 to 1.72 mm). 

Female:

• Body cylindrical. 
• Cuticle with round, coarse, non-retrorse annuli, usually numbering over 200, devoid of lobes, spines, scales, but sometimes provided with superficial ornamentation;
• extra cuticular layer present, except in some species of Caloosia;
• typical lateral field lacking, but often irregularities in body annuli or various longitudinal markings are present, extremely variable within the same species. 
• Labial area with generally two, exceptionally three annuli, generally weakly differentiated.  Submedian lobes absent.
• Stylet elongated (over 50 µm), basal knobs rounded, posteriorly sloping.
• Vulval lips usually modified;
• Single ovary. 
• Tail usually elongated (rounded in some species). 
• Procorpus amalgamated with metacorpus, isthmus short.

Male:

• Tail elongated, tapering;
• conspicuous caudal alae extending beyond middle of tail. 
• Spicules setaceous, long, straight, arcuate, semi-circular, U- or hook-shaped. 
• cloacal lips forming a penial tube in several species. 
• Hypoptygma often present. 
• Males probably do not feed.

Juveniles:

• Having the same characters as corresponding female (except for reproductive system). 
• Male juveniles of fourth-stage lacking stylet in some species of Hemicycliophora.
  
      

References:

Raski and Luc, Rev. Nematol. 10(4):409-444 (1987).

H. Ferris.

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