Paratylenchus projectus

Paratylenchus projectus	Contents	Rev 05/23/2005
Pin Nematode	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Paratylenchus Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Tylenchulidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Criconematoidea
         Tylenchulidae
          Paratylenchinae
           Paratylenchus projectus

Morphology and Anatomy:

Small plant-parasitic nematodes, 0.3mm long.

Females: Gravid female may swell anterior to vulva.

Strong stylet, usually about 36 µm.

Ovary single, outstretched.

Males: Reduced, with stylet reduced or absent, and probably do not feed.

Often their starved bodies are marked by characteristic banding patterns as food reserves are depleted.

Distribution:

East coast and midwestern U.S., Canada, Europe, New Zealand, and the Soviet Union.

Feeding:

J2 and J3 feed; J4 has an incomplete stylet and molts to adult form after host stimulation. Nematodes insert stylet at or near base of root hairs and feed at one site for up to 6 days.

Hosts:

Cereals, grasses, ornamentals, celery, red clover, and cabbage.

Life Cycle:

Males and fourth-stage juveniles have no stylet and do not feed.

J4 is the persistent stage - molt of the J4 is stimulated by host root diffusate, for example, carnation root diffusate. The J4 do not molt to adults in water, but molt progressively over a 2 week period in carnation root diffusates (Rhoades and Linford, 1959).

In older pot cultures or field soils, the resistant J4 may be 80% of the population.

J4 distinguished from other stages by reduced or absent stylet and esophagus and accumulation of opaque granules in esophagus region (Rhoades and Linford, 1959).