Paratylenchus neoamblycephalus

Paratylenchus neoamblycephalus	Contents	Rev 09/28/2008
Pin Nematode	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Paratylenchus Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Tylenchulidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Criconematoidea
         Tylenchulidae
          Paratylenchinae
           Paratylenchus neoamblycephalus

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Small plant-parasitic nematodes, 0.3mm long.

Females: Gravid female may swell anterior to vulva.

Strong stylet, usually about 36 µm.

Ovary single, outstretched.

Males: Reduced, with stylet reduced or absent, and probably do not feed.

Often their starved bodies are marked by characteristic banding patterns as food reserves are depleted.

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Distribution:

California, Europe, Africa, North and South America, and Australia.

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Economic Importance:

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Feeding:

	Paratylenchus neoamblycephalus feeds singly or in groups of up to 15, especially at ruptures or where lateral roots emerge; heads remain in cortex
The nematodes cause small lesions (possibly caused by oxidation of phenolic compounds in roots) and lateral root death.

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Hosts:

Rose, peach, apricot, apple, grape, Prunus (especially prunes), plum rootstocks - Myrobalan and Marianna, other herbaceous plants.

Apple is a host in Europe and Australia, but not in California.

This species is the most commonly occurring plant-parasitic nematode in California prune orchards.

Non-hosts include fig and walnut.

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Life Cycle:

Males and fourth-stage juveniles have no stylet and do not feed. Fourth stage juveniles of Paratylenchus are the survival stage (dauer) in some species.

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Damage:

In greenhouse tests, top growth of plum reduced about 25% by high numbers of nematodes (Braun and Lownsbery).