Meloidogyne fallax
Contents
Rev 10/14/2008
Meloidogyne fallax |
Contents |
Rev 10/14/2008 |
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| False Columbia Root-knot Nematode |
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Classification |
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Hosts |
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Morphology and Anatomy |
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Life Cycle |
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Economic Importance |
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Damage |
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Distribution |
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Management |
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Feeding |
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References |
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Female: Anterior; note excretory pore on right and dorsal esophageal gland opening into esophagus lumen. |
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Mature Female: Body morphology. |
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| Male: Anterior | Male: Posterior - spicules and gubernaculum, no caudal alae. |
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Second-stage juvenile |
Meloidogyne fallax is morphologically similar to the Columbia root-knot nematode (M. chitwoodi). It differs from M. chitwoodi in that males and females have longer stylets and that the J2 has a longer tail and hyaline portion.
The species can be separated by biochemical and molecular techniques: isozyme patterns esterase and malate dehydrogenase, fatty acid binding protein, and species-specific primers (Karssen, 1994; Peterson et al., 1997; Tastet et al., 2001).
Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Recently detected in Australia (CAB International, 2001; Nobbs et al., 2001) and South Africa (Fourie et al., 2002).
Not known in the US
Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.
Meloidogyne fallax has some hosts in common with M. chitwoodi: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), carrot (Daucus carota), potato (Solanum tuberosum), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), and tomato (Lycoperiscon esculentum).
Hosts not shared with M. chitwoodi include: hemerocallis (Hemerocallis sp.), Dicentra spectabilis, Oenothera erythrosepala, and Phacelia tenacetifolia.
Other differential hosts which are infected by M. chitwoodi but not by M. fallax are bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and corn (Zea mays).
The following hosts of M. fallax but not reported for M. chitwoodi are artichoke (Cynara scolynus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and oyster plant (Scorzonera hispanica).
More information is needed on the host status of cereals to M. fallax.
The nematodes cause small, round galls at root tips. Females produce egg masses protruding from the root surface (CAB International, 2001; EPPO, 2001).
Like
M. chitwoodi, the
major damage by M. fallax on potato tubers
is
a nematode-induced blemish which lowers or negates their marketability.
Dispersed through root material, soil debris and by poorly sanitized seed potatoes and bare root propagative material.
CAB International. 2001. Meloidogyne fallax in Crop protection compendium, global module, 3rd editon. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Epppo. 2001. Epppo PQR Database. Paris France.
Fourie, H., C. Zijlstra, A.H. McDonald and G. A. Venter. 2002. Advances in applied nematode research in South Africa after introduction of the SCAR-PCR technique for nematode identification. Nematology 4:160-161.
Karssen, G. 1995. Morphological and biochemical differentiation in Meloidogyne chitwoodi populations in the Netherlands. Nematologica 41:314-315.
Nobbs, J.M., Q. Liu, D. Hartley, Z. Handoo, V. M. Williamson, S. Taylor, G. Walker, and J. Curran. 2001. First record og Meloidogyne fallax in Australia. Australian Plant Pathology 30:373.
Paterson D. J., and T. C. Vrain. 1996. Rapid identification of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. hapla, and M. fallax using PCR primers to amplify their ribosomal intergenic spacer. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19:601-605.
Society of Nematologists Regulatory Committee, 2002.
Tastet. C., F. Val, M. Lasage, L. Renault, L. Marche, M. Bpssis, and D.
Mignieri. 2001. Application of a putative fatty acid binding protein to
discriminate serologically the two European quarantine root-knot nematodes,
Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, from other Meloidogyne
species. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107:821-832.