Meloidogyne javanica

Meloidogyne javanica	Contents	Rev 11/23/2005
	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Meloidogyne Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Tylenchida Tylenchina Tylenchoidea Heteroderidae Meloidogyninae Meloidogyne javanica

Morphology and Anatomy:

Sample perineal pattern of Meloidogyne javanica. The double lateral lines are characteristic.

Body shapes of immature and mature females.

Males of Meloidogyne javanica are vermiform and 1 mm to 1.5 mm long.

The body rotates through a characteristic half twist along its length.

There is no bursa.

Males probably do not feed and usually have no reproductive function. They may develop in larger numbers under stressful conditions.

Distribution:

Warm regions of the world.

Predominant root-knot species in central Africa.

Species is often dominant at higher altitudes in warm climates..

Feeding:

Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.

Sedentary endoparasite of plant roots.

Life Cycle:

Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures recorded for life processes of M. javanica
Activity or Process	T (min)	T (opt)	T (max)
Egg Hatch	10	30	35
Motility		25
Root Invasion		20-30
Growth		25-30
Reproduction		24-28
Survival	<10

Damage:

This species is the most serious pest of crops in central Africa (Daulton & Curtis, 1964).

Interactions between M. javanica and other pathogens can occur.

Management:

Soil fumigants in higher value crops.

Crop rotation can be effective, but may be difficult to find non-hosts of economic value.


Length of rotation of Ermelo Weeping Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) between tobacco crops in Meloidogyne javanica infested soil. One year rotation on left (not fumigated/fumigated). three year rotation on right (fumigated/not fumigated). After three years of non-host rotation there was no further benefit from soil fumigation. (Zimbabwe, 1964).

Hot water dips of planting material (for example, potatoes at 46 C for 2 hours).

There is less plant resistance to attack by this species than for M. incognita.

In tobacco fields in North Carolina, the predominant Meloidogyne species was M. incognita until introduction of cultivars with resistance to that species. Subsequently there has been a shift to M. javanica and M. arenaria, which now predominate in tobacco fields (and for which resistance is not available).

The Mi gene of tomato confers resistance to several species of root-knot nematode, including M. javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria.

Cultivars of carrot derived from Brasilia carry single gene resistance to M. javanica. The gene does not confer resistance to M. incognita; that had to be provided from other sources.