Hylonema		Contents		Rev 11/18/2005
		Classification		Hosts
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Hylonema Menu		Economic Importance		Damage
		Distribution		Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu		Feeding
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Heteroderinae
           Hylonema (Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978)
    Synonyms:
      None.

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Morphology and Anatomy:

      Female: No cyst stage.  Body long ovoid to globose with prominent neck 
      and no terminal cone.  Cuticle thin and annulated only in anterior fore 
      end; posteriorly thick, rugose, with non-oriented striae.  No
      subcrystalline layer.  Vulva subterminal, on flattened posterior body 
      end; vulva lips not protruding.  Underbridge present.  No phasmids.  No 
      remnant of tail.  Eggs not retained in female body, but deposited 
      individually in a gelatinous matrix.  

      Males: Body twisted.  Lateral field 
      with four lines.  Spicules strong, nearly straight, less than 30 µm long; 
      cloacal tubus short, nearly terminal.  No tail.  No caudal alae.  No 
      phasmids.  

      Juveniles: Lateral field with three lines.  Esophageal glands 
      filling body cavity.  Tail long, elongate with a very long, terminal, 
      hyaline portion.  Phasmids punctiform, small.  Nurse cell system: A 
      single, giant cell with a single, giant nucleus.
      [Ref: Luc, Maggenti & Fortuner, Rev. Nematol. 11(2):159-176 (1988).]

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Distribution:

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Economic Importance:

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Feeding:

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Hosts:

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Life Cycle:

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Damage:

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Management:

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: November 18, 2005.