Heterodera leuceilyma

  

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Rev 02/21/2008

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
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Distribution Management
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Heteroderinae

Heterodera leuceilyma Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964

Heterodera leuceilyma is one of three species of the genus that comprise the "sacchari group"  The others are H. sacchari and H. goldeni.  The three species have lemon-shaped cysts, are ambifenestrate, and have finger-like bullae projecting from the underbridge of the vulval cone (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007).

According to our present knowledge, H. sacchari is definitely present in tropical Africa, H. goldeni is found in the middle east and H. leuceilyma occurs in the subtropical south-east of North America. The species identity of H. sacchari records from other Asian countries, as well as from Trinidad, West Indies, may need confirmation (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007).

 

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Morphology and Anatomy:

 
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Distribution:

Subtropical southeast US (Tanha Maafi et al., 2007)

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Economic Importance:

Severe pest of St. Augustine grass (Di Eduardo and Perry, 1964)

 

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Feeding:

Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.

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Hosts:

Heterodera leuceilyma is known from several localities along the southern east coast of Florida, USA (Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964). The type host is the grass Stenotaphrum secundatum on which it is considered to be a severe pathogen (Di Edwardo & Perry, 1964). Various specimens in the USDA Nematode collection at Beltsville, MD, USA, are recorded from bermudagrass (C. dactylon).

 

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Life Cycle:

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Damage:

 
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Management:

Little work has been done on control.

 

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References:

DI EDWARDO, A.A. & PERRY, V.G. (1964). Heterodera leuceilyma n. sp. (Nemata: Heteroderidae), a severe pathogen of St Augustine grass in Florida. Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, Bulletin 687, 35 pp.

HANDOO, Z.A. & IBRAHIM, I.K.A. (2002). Description and SEM observations of a new species of cyst nematode Heterodera goldeni (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) attacking Panicum coloratum in Egypt. Journal of Nematology 34, 312-318.

LUC, M. (1986). Cyst nematodes in equatorial and hot tropical regions. In: Lamberti, F. & Taylor, C.E. (Eds). Cyst nematodes. New York & London, Plenum Press, pp. 355-372. 496 NematologyMorphological and molecular studies on Heterodera

Tanha Maafi, Z.T., STURHAN, D., HANDOO, Z., MOR, M., MOENS, M. & SUBBOTIN, S.A. (2005). Morphological and molecular characterisation of Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merny, 1963 and H. goldeni Handoo & Ibrahim, 2002 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Russian Journal of Nematology 13, 152-153.

MULVEY, R.H. (1972). Identification of Heterodera cysts by terminal and cone top structures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 50, 1277-1292.

STURHAN, D. (1998). Notes on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Heteroderidae parasitising Gramineae. Nematologica  44, 585-586.

SUBBOTIN, S.A., WAEYENBERGE, L. & MOENS, M. (2000). Identification of cyst forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLP. Nematology 2, 153-164.

SWARUP, G., PRASAD, S.K. & RASKI, D.J. (1964). Some Heterodera species from India. Plant Disease Reporter 48, 235.

 

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: February 21, 2008.