Hemicriconemoides
Contents
Rev 10/21/2003
Hemicriconemoides |
Contents |
Rev 10/21/2003 |
||
| Sheathoid Nematode |
|
Classification |
|
Hosts |
|
|
|
Morphology and Anatomy |
|
Life Cycle |
|
|
Economic Importance |
|
Damage | |
|
|
|
Distribution |
|
Management |
| Return to Criconematidae Menu |
|
Feeding |
|
References |
Tylenchida
Tylenchina
Criconematoidea
Criconematidae
Criconematinae
Hemicriconemoides (Chitwood
and Birchfield, 1957)
Synonyms:
None
As of October 2003, the Zoological Record indicates 54 species names associated with this genus.
(adapted from Dasgupta, Raski and Van Gundy, 1969)
| 1. | Lip region strongly offset | H. obtusus |
| Lip region slightly offset or not offset | 2 | |
| 2 | Stylet knobs rounded without forward processes | H. strictathecatus |
| Stylet knobs anchor shaped with prominent forward processes | 3 | |
| 3 | Vulva on 2nd annule from tail tip, fewer than 56 annules in sheath, sheath annules rounded | H. brevicaudatus |
| Vulva on 7th to 21st annule from tail tip, more than 75 annules in sheath, sheath annules flattened | 4 | |
| 4 | Stylet < 46 µm | H. microdoratus |
| Stylet > 46 µm | 5 | |
| 5 | Vulval sheath present | 6 |
| Vulval sheath absent | 10 | |
| 6 | Fewer than 98 annules in sheath | 7 |
| More than 98 annules in sheath | 9 | |
| 7 | Stylet > 71 µm | H. minutus |
| Stylet < 60 µm | 8 | |
| 8 | Tail narrows abruptly after anus | H. wessoni |
| Tail regularly conoid after anus | H. intermedius | |
| 9 | Lip region rounded, no amphidial plate, tail rounded | H. brachyurus |
| Lip region truncate, no amphidial plate, tail tapered | H. cocophilus | |
| 10 | Lip region conoid, vulva on 16th to 21st annule from tail tip | H. kanayaensis |
| Lip region rounded to truncate, vulva on 7th to 17th annule from tail tip | 11 | |
| 11 | Lip region with a conspicuously large annule | H. insignis |
| Lip region with 2 distinct annules | 12 | |
| 12 | Length = 0.29-0.38 mm | H. parvus |
| Length = 0.41-0.61 mm | 13 | |
| 13 | Fewer than 104 annules in sheath, stylet < 60 µm | H. pseudobrachyurum |
| More than 104 annules in sheath, stylet > 60 µm | 14 | |
| 14 | Tail rounded or convex to conoid | H. mangiferae |
| Tail conoid, tapering to an angular tip | 15 | |
| 15 | Lip region rounded, not offset, first annule rounded, second annule as large or larger than first | H. gaddi |
| Lip region truncate, slightly offset, first annule angular, second annule smaller than first | H. chitwoodi |
. |
Female: Small to medium size (0.29 to 0.67
mm).
Body plump, straight or slightly ventrally curved, tapering on short distance at both ends. Number of annules 51-164. Cuticle with two detached layers, closely adpressed; annulation strong, not retrorse. Lateral field not marked. Vulva posterior. Vulval lips plain; vulval flaps occasionally present. Tail short, conoid to rounded. Labial framework heavily sclerotized. First anterior annules only weakly differentiated. No submedian lobes. Amphid apertures slit-like. Stylet strong; basal knobs directed forward, generally with a jointed anterior process; rarely rounded; never sloping backwards. |
|
Male: Slender.
Esophagus degenerated. Stylet absent. Spicules slender, slightly curved. Gubernaculum short and plain. Caudal alae rarely present, if so, weakly developed. Penial tube rarely present, if so, short. Juveniles: One-layered cuticle. Submedian lobes of lip annules sometimes present, weakly developed. Strong annulation; each annule with six, ten, or twelve scales which are either conoid or provided with short denticles. When six scales six on an annule, alternate with the following annule (twelve rows). [Ref: Raski and Luc (1987).] |
D-rated pests in California.
Feed as ectoparasites, usually near root tip.
Dasgupta, D.R., D.J. Raski and S.D. Van Gundy 1969. Revision of the genus Hemicriconemoides Chitwood and Birchfield, 1957 ( Nematoda: Criconematidae). J. Nematology 1:126-145.
Raski and Luc, Rev. Nematol. 10:409-444 (1987).