Ditylenchus
Contents
Rev 10/14/2008
Ditylenchus |
Contents |
Rev 10/14/2008 |
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| Stem and bulb nematodes |
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Classification |
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Hosts |
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Morphology and Anatomy |
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Life Cycle |
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Economic Importance |
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Damage | |
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Distribution |
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Management |
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Feeding |
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References |
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Tylenchida
Tylenchina
Tylenchoidea
Anguinidae
Anguininae
Ditylenchus (Filip'ev, 1936)
Synonyms:
Anguillulina (Ditylenchus) (Filip'ev, 1936)
Nothotylenchus (Thorne,
1941)
Boleodoroides (Mathur, Khan and Prasad, 1966)
Diptenchus (Khan, Chawla and Seshadri, 1969)
Safianema (Siddiqi, 1980)
Orrina (Brzeski, 1981)
Genus described in 1934, but includes one of oldest known plant parasites: (Anguillula dipsaci - Kuhn 1857).
Ditylenchus spp. are related to the leaf and seed gall nematodes, Anguina spp.
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Typical characters of Anguinidae.
Short stylet. Plant-feeding species generally have slightly longers stylet (10-14µm) than fungal-feeding species. Median bulb with or without valve; isthmus not separated from glandular bulb by a constriction. Postcorpus short; esophagus short and butting intestine esophagus, or long - when long, may overlap the intestine. Female: Single ovary directed forward, short or long, sometimes reaching esophageal region and/or flexed; oocytes in one/two rows; columned uterus with four rows of four cells; post-uterine sac (PUS) present or absent. Mature female may be slightly swollen. |
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Male: Testis usually
without flexures.
Caudal
alae present and leptoderan, short adanal or long, but never
reaching tail end. |
Non-derived, migratory ectoparasites and endoparasites of stems, bulbs, and tubers.
Obligate parasite of higher and lower plants and/or fungi, found in soil or above ground.
Effect of clover race of Ditylenchus dipsaci on leaves of red clover, Trifolium pratense (healthy leaf on right).
Photograph by Chris Hogger (Switzerland).
Fortuner & Maggenti, Rev. Nematol. 10:163-176 (1987).