Anguina balsamophila

Anguina balsamophila	Contents	Rev 11/07/2008
	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Anguina Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Anguinidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Classification:

Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Anguinidae

Anguininae
Anguina balsamophila (Thorne, 1926) Filipjev, 1936

Synonyms:
Tylenchus balsamophila Thorne, 1926

Anguillulina balsamophila (Thorne) Goodey

Morphology and Anatomy:


1. Adult female with somewhat obese body and very small stylet. From Thorne (1926)

From leaves of balsam root (Balsamorrhiza sagittata) and mule's ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) in Utah and the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Also recorded from galls on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) leaves (Thorne, 1926; Goodey, 1948).

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Economic Importance:

D-rated in California

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Feeding:

a) cross-section of normal leaf, b) cross section of gall with indentation at point of entry. From Goodey, 1948.

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Hosts:

Wyethia ("Mule Ears") and balsam root (Balsamorrhiza) .

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Life Cycle:

Specimens in UCD teaching collection remain viable up to 3 years in dried leaf galls.

The nematode overwinters in galled leaf tissue, probably in the J4 stage. In the spring, the juveniles enter the young leaves while they are still clustered in crowns. They are thought not to be able to penetrate the leaves after petioles have formed. Several juveniles enter at a single point which may be evident as a depression. Three weeks after entry, adults have developed and are producing eggs. By mid-May the juveniles are 1mm long and in the J4 stage. They do not develop further and become quiescent when the leaves become dry in July and August. The leaves are crushed by the snow during the winter.

Galls project mainly from the lower surface of the leaf, 3-4 mm in diameter (Goodey, 1948).