Anguina
Contents
Rev 11/17/2005
Anguina |
Contents |
Rev 11/17/2005 |
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| seed gall nematodes |
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Classification |
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Hosts |
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Morphology and Anatomy |
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Life Cycle |
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Economic Importance |
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Damage | |
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Distribution |
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Management |
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Feeding |
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References |
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Tylenchida
Tylenchina
Tylenchoidea
Anguinidae
Anguina (Scopoli, 1777)
Synonyms:
Anguillulina (Anguina) (Scopoli, 1777)
Anguillulina (Gervais and Van Beneden, 1869)
Paranguina (Kir'yanova, 1955)
Nothanguina (Whitehead, 1959)
First recorded plant parasite (Needham, 1743) - second stage juveniles of A. tritici. Turbeville Needham, microscope, seed galls/smutty wheat, he thought he saw spontaneous generation.
Quote from Needham (Christie, p. 185) - letter to Royal Society published in Philosophical Transactions of that society:
Genus contains first 3 recorded plant parasites:
Current species list:
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Large nematode, up to 4mm, mature females swollen, obese.
Stylet is short. Procorpus generally separated from the median bulb by a constriction. Median bulb with or without valves. Isthmus generally separated from the postcorpus by a constriction. Esophageal glands enlarged, generally with a slight overlap of the intestine. Single ovary. Oocytes in many
rows arranged around a rachis (a strand of non-nucleated tissue to
which the germ cells appear to be attached). Columned uterus a long multinucleate tube, adapted to high
rate of egg production. |
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Testis
usually with flexures.
Gubernaculum almost always present. Caudal alae long but not reaching tail tip. [Ref: Fortuner and Maggenti, Rev. Nematol. 10(2):163-176 (1987).] |
Occurs throughout the world; easily disseminated in seed.
Endoparasites; all species produce galls on plant leaves or seeds, especially on grasses.
Related to development host.
In seed gall forms, developing seed is converted to a nematode feeding site. Galls do not germinate as seeds.
Fortuner and Maggenti, Rev. Nematol. 10(2):163-176 (1987).